Monday, August 25, 2008

Cost hikes cut into iron and steel company profits

This hardly seems like much of a surprise. It's hard to consider absorbing a 70% increase in iron ore cost and not having it hurt you.

chinadaily.com.cn
Costs for China's large and medium-size iron and steel manufacturers rose by more than 250 billion yuan ($36.5 billion), or 57.57 percent, in the first half, according to the China Iron and Steel Association (CISA).
The cost hike was due to the soaring prices of materials and fuel, said the CISA, noting the country's iron and steel companies were facing tremendous pressure this year.
The soaring costs resulted in profit falls, with the half-year rate of return on sales for large and medium-size iron and steel suppliers at 7.61 percent, 0.95 percentage points lower than the same period last year.

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Saturday, July 12, 2008

Rising Iron Ore Prices for China will effect Steel Prices

One of the issues bubbling while I wasn't blogging was the iron ore price increase that Chinese steelmakers had to accept recently. There are many articles about it, many opinions, all contradictory (of course).

Let's start here:
China’s steel mills shrug off iron ore rise. An amazing feat, if true. I don't know too many industries that can shrug off an 85% increase in a major input cost.

Big steelmakers in China on Tuesday shrugged off the impact of Monday’s record rise in iron ore prices, but the higher prices could increase cost pressures on smaller mills and hasten consolidation in the industry.

The average 85 per cent price increase agreed with Rio Tinto, the Anglo-Australian miner, was within the range of expectations, analysts said. Chinese mills had been expecting a price rise of at least 65 per cent[...]

“They [large and medium-sized steelmakers] can still maintain a long-term pricing system with the Australian miners,” and avoid higher-priced spot market purchases, Ms Wang said.

But analysts said thousands of smaller Chinese mills could be affected if the pricing agreement leads to higher spot prices, hastening consolidation in the steel industry. Smaller mills buy iron ore on the spot market and are unable to lock in prices by annual contract.


If this leads to consolidation of the chinese steel industry, this should lead to higher prices for chinese goods made of steel. The article says a 3% rise in output prices should cover it.

The consolidation effect was predicted already as far back as February, in the China Daily. Iron ore price rise could force China steel rationalization

China imports almost half of the world's seaborne iron ore, making it the largest iron ore consumer in the world, but it has become a price-taker for this basic input for steel -- perhaps because it waited too long to negotiate with major suppliers.

I also blogged on it at the time.

At the end of June, chinastakes.com wrote Iron Ore Price Hike to Swallow Chinese Steel Producers’ Profit

Apart from the iron ore price hike, the coking coal price rise will also lift the production cost of domestic steel producers. [...] With steel companies facing increasingly high production cost, profits are expected to slide in the near future.

Apart from the iron ore price hike, the price of coal and coking coal, as well as transportation costs are also increasing. In December of 2007, the average production cost of steel and pig iron in large and medium-sized steel companies increased by 31.05% over the same period in 2006.

The production cost increase of steel companies, a large part of it a result of the rise in iron ore and coking coal prices, will have a profound influence on the shipbuilding industry, the construction machinery industry, and the household appliances industry.

None of those are directly customers for small and medium sized stamping outfits, but each of those industries utilize loads of smaller stamped metal parts. Where the major manufacturing goes, so goes the little guys.

At the end of June, Mineweb.com said that Chinese dependence on iron ore imports has been growing, and was likely to rise in future.

while China was the world's biggest producer of iron ore at 520mt in 2006, representing almost a third of global production, much of this material is very low grade.

China will become more dependent on imported iron ore in future, despite the fact that its own production of iron ore has been increasing rapidly since the start of the century. Monthly imports have been growing at a much faster pace and are now almost double its own production.


Today, several sources, including Steel on the Net announced that Sinosteel succeeded in its bid to gain control of Australian iron ore miner Midwest. Stock exchange documents show it now has a majority stake in the target company. http://en.ce.cn/Business/Enterprise/200807/12/t20080712_16135812.shtml

See also: Forbes Sinosteel buys controlling stake in Aussie miner

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Are jobs coming back from China?

Old Jobs Not Coming Back, McCain Warns Ohio Autoworkers

McCain [...] reiterated that message on Friday, saying that the government should provide better worker retraining programs and incentives for companies like GM to create new jobs making environmentally sensitive products.

"The same old jobs aren't going to be there," he said. "The new jobs are here at Lordstown."[where GM makes the fuel efficient Chevrolet Cobalt]

General Motors has announced that it plans to sell a totally electric vehicle in 2010. McCain this week proposed a $300 million award to anyone inventing a radically better electric car battery.


An interesting (if a little irritating) youtube snippet. Like all things youtube, it's too short to garner context. Maybe he didn't mean it this way, I dunno. But it sure sounds weird.

Transcription--
JOHN MCCAIN: What we have to do is embrace this new technology, accept the fact and enjoy the fact that there's new jobs and the old jobs aren't coming back.

Also on this theme, BusinessWeek had an interesting cover story last month.
Can the U.S. Bring Jobs Back from China?

American factories and supplier networks in many industries have withered in the era of globalization, so it will take lots of time and capital before the U.S. can become a big player again. In electronics, for instance, there has been a mass migration of component makers to China in the past decade. Ditto for suppliers to Midwest heavy-equipment makers and North Carolina's furniture industry.


[...]

The global industrial landscape certainly appears to be in the early stages of a realignment. The euro's breathtaking rise against the dollar has spurred European makers of cars, steel, aircraft, and more to shift production to the U.S. Now the soaring cost of fuel is making it pricier to send goods across the Pacific.

According to ABC news, at least some jobs are coming back.

As the cost of shipping continues to soar along with fuel prices, homegrown manufacturing jobs are making a comeback after decades of decline.

Furniture designer Carol Gregg used to have her signature Chinese chests assembled in China, but such a luxury no longer seems viable, considering that some of her pieces now cost five times more to ship.

So now Gregg is having the chests made in North Carolina, simply because its cheaper.


"It's not just about labor costs anymore," says Rubin. "Distance costs money, and when you have to shift iron ore from Brazil to China and then ship it back to Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh is looking pretty good at 40 bucks an hour."

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Tuesday, May 27, 2008

Oil's cargo cushion

reportonbusiness.com

The soaring cost of fuel is whittling away at the cheap-labour advantage enjoyed by Asian exporters, giving Canadian firms a welcome edge in their fight to win back business from Asian competitors.

Two bank economists argue in a report released Tuesday that because of higher fuel costs, shipping a standard 40-foot container from Shanghai to the east coast of North America now costs $8,000 (U.S.), up from $3,000 in 2000 when oil was just $20 a barrel.

That higher cost is passed on to North American consumers, making goods from China and other Asian places more costly compared to the offerings of domestic North American producers.

Some Canadian manufacturers are already noticing the effect.


[...]

Jeffrey Rubin and Benjamin Tal of CIBC World Markets Inc. say higher oil prices are reversing the world-is-flat effect, in which lower trade barriers and new technologies like the Internet made it cheaper to move goods and services from developing Asia to the markets of the rich world.

“In a world of triple-digit oil prices, distance costs money,” they write. “And while trade liberalization and technology may have flattened the world, rising transport prices will once again make it rounder.”

Mr. Rubin and Mr. Tal say the steel sector is a prime example of the world-is-round effect.

Chinese steel exports to the United States are falling by more than 20 per cent year over year. China's costs have risen because Chinese producers have to bring in their iron ore from faraway places such as Australia and Brazil, then ship the finished steel to the United States. As a result, U.S. steel producers actually have an advantage over Chinese rivals.


[...]

“This is an environment in which shipping from the Pacific Rim may not make sense any more,” Mr. Tal said in an interview.

“If you're thinking, ‘maybe we should bring in a container from China,' you should think again.”

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Saturday, May 17, 2008

China quake seen cutting metals output, lifting zinc prices

Now here's an aspect of the China quake scenario I'll bet you hadn't considered ...

Heightened concerns that China's devastating earthquake will curtail the country's massive metals output helped aluminum, zinc and other base metals extend a two-day rally Friday.
[...]

China is the world's largest producer of zinc, aluminum and lead.

Only a sliver of the country's base metals mining and production takes place in Sichuan province, the epicenter of Monday's 7.9-magnitude earthquake, which Chinese authorities now estimate has claimed more than 21,500 lives. But the two nearby provinces also jolted by the quake -- Shaanxi and Gansu -- have mines and smelters as well.


Bloomberg wrote:

Zinc rose in London, heading for the biggest weekly gain since February, as the biggest earthquake in nearly six decades in China hit output in the world's biggest producer. Aluminum also climbed.

China's 7.9-magnitude earthquake is affecting as much as 350,000 tons of zinc smelting capacity in Sichuan and neighboring provinces, according to Beijing Antaike Information Development Co. The tremor that took place May 12 also affected transportation and power supplies.


At the same time, other analysts are saying that China will temporarily stop buying some metals, because they are distracted by bigger domestic issues at the moment.

However, logic would indicate that, if there is rebuilding to be done afterwards, they will need more, not fewer, resources.

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Thursday, March 27, 2008

STEEL PRICES DRIVEN UP BY RISING INPUT COSTS AND LIMITED SUPPLY

MEPS INTERNATIONAL

Since it was announced that iron ore prices would rise by 65 percent, Chinese mills have sought to lift steel values quite substantially. Japanese producers have tabled advances of ¥20,000 per tonne for April deliveries and may even adjust prices further in the third trimester. Market values have already strengthened considerably in the wake of the announcements, amidst tight supply caused in part by buoyant demand from the auto makers.

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Tuesday, March 04, 2008

Italians seize 30 tons of radioactive steel

This usage of the word "accident" raises more questions than it answers. How do you accidentally mix steel with cobalt-60?

USATODAY.com
Italian police said Monday they have seized 30 tons of Chinese-made steel that had been contaminated by a radioactive substance.
[...]
The steel had been accidentally mixed during production with cobalt-60

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Wednesday, February 27, 2008

Iron ore price rise could force China steel rationalization

China Daily

[...]higher costs might actually help rationalize the Chinese steel industry by pricing some smaller firms with obsolete technology out of business.

After Brazilian mining conglomerate Vale hammered out 2008 benchmark prices for iron ore fines with Japanese and Republic of Korea (ROK) steel makers last week, Baosteel Group, China's largest steel maker, agreed on the price for fiscal 2008, accepting the Brazilian miner's price hikes that ranged from 65 percent to 71 percent compared with 2007.


[...]

China's steel needs have soared, driven by rapid urbanization and many large infrastructure projects. China imports almost half of the world's seaborne iron ore, making it the largest iron ore consumer in the world.

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Saturday, January 26, 2008

China's Pain is Century Aluminum's Gain

The main part of the article is about aluminum, how a major aluminum smelter in China had to shut down, and what that's going to do to the aluminum market.

But the larger issue, for most stampers, is in this section. Power problems and unreliability in China are going to increase

Arif said that while the outages at Chalco’s plants are only temporary, there will start to be more power issues in China going forward. China has been subsidizing power for its users so demand for power has grown unabated, Arif said. As the costs to produce power, whether coal or other fuel, has increased, the Chinese government has spoken about increasing the power costs for institutional consumers like aluminum consumers. “That’s why you’ll start seeing a lot more of these types of power issues develop,” he said.

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Friday, December 28, 2007

North American Breaker Co. Recalls Counterfeit Circuit Breakers Due to Fire Hazard

This isn't a stamping story exactly, but many stamped products are also counterfeited in China, so it seems related to me.

The notice comes from the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission web site.

Consumers should stop using recalled products immediately unless otherwise instructed.
Name of Product: Counterfeit Circuit Breakers labeled as “Square D”
Units: About 50,000
Distributor/Retailer: North American Breaker Co. Inc. (NABCO), of Burbank, Calif.
Hazard: The recalled circuit breakers labeled “Square D” have been determined by Square D to be counterfeit and can fail to trip when they are overloaded, posing a fire hazard to consumers.

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Saturday, December 22, 2007

China to impose or raise export tariffs on coal, steel products next year

People's Daily Online
China will impose or raise export duties on products including wood pulp, coke, alloy steel, steel billets, and some finished steel products in 2008, the Ministry of Finance (MOF) announced on Friday.

The nation will also impose temporary export tariffs on coal, crude oil, and metal ores next year, the MOF stated, without providing further details.

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China to Raise Tariffs on Steel, Coal Exports in January

Bloomberg.com: Asia
China, which produces a third of the world's steel, will raise export tariffs on some steel products from Jan. 1 to help rein in a record trade surplus and reduce energy consumption and pollution.
It didn't give details on new tax rates. The country will also impose export tariffs on coal, crude oil and metal ores next year, the Ministry of Finance said in a statement on its Web site late yesterday.
China, seeking to curb a record trade surplus, cut tax rebates and raised duties on steel shipments this year. The Asian nation's exports have pressured rivals, leading the European Union last month to threaten tariffs to shield its producers, including ArcelorMittal, the world's largest steelmaker.

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Thursday, November 01, 2007

Copper prices fall, global stockpiles increase

Bloomberg.com
Copper prices fell in Shanghai as global stockpiles kept rising, renewing concern that demand is slowing for the metal used in wires and pipes.

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Saturday, October 20, 2007

U.S. Border Fence Made with Imported Steel

This is more symbolic in some ways than substantive, but not entirely. I know someone who knows someone, etc, who is a fencemaker. He bought fence from China (you buy it in rolls, like fabric) twice, and both times, the quality was poor and he had to replace it after installation. So he won't buy there again. I don't know what the quality issues were, but if it makes a lousy fence, even if it's a good price, what's the point?

NPR
The comedian Carlos Mencia jokes about that giant fence to keep out immigrants. He says we might need immigrant labor to build it. Now lawmakers are upset that the fence includes immigrant steel. Some of the fence on the Mexican border is being built with steel from China.

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Saturday, August 18, 2007

Flooding In China Leaves 181 Miners Trapped

From time to time I comment on the high human cost of Chinese steel. Here we have it again. Chinese mines have the worst safety record in the world.

CityNews
Heavy flooding poured into two coal mines in eastern China on Friday, leaving 181 miners trapped and feared dead. Two high-speed pumps were being rushed in to drain the flooded shafts, but officials say there's no word on when rescuers might enter the mines.

China's coal mines are the world's deadliest, with thousands of fatalities a year.

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Wednesday, August 01, 2007

Area lawmakers testify to keep tariffs on Chinese steel; Nucor called a victim

I don't understand why anyone thinks it makes sense to impose tarifs on the raw materials coming from China and not the finished goods made from the same raw materials coming from China. All this does is cut the entire food chain out of North America and shift it all to China. Why don't the steelmakers see it as shortsighted to cut off the legs of their customers? Why don't the lawmakers see it either?

Nucor Corp. and other U.S. steelmakers are the victims of China's illegal subsidization of exported steel, lawmakers testified Tuesday.

In the first day of a two-day hearing, dozens of lawmakers argued that the U.S. International Trade Commission should renew five-year punitive tariffs on hot-rolled flat carbon steel imported from China and 10 other countries. China was the main target.

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Thursday, June 28, 2007

CHINESE TAX LEVY FAILS TO LIFT GLOBAL STEEL PRICES FOR STRIP MILL PRODUCTS

MEPS

US strip mill transaction prices softened further over the last month as scrap costs continued to slide. The downturn is most apparent in the hot rolled category. Real consumption has remained lacklustre, causing service centre inventory depletion to take much longer to complete than was initially envisaged. Delivery lead times quoted by domestic mills have reduced to four weeks or less in some instances.

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Saturday, May 26, 2007

Copper May Fall Next Week on Speculation China Demand Will Slow

bloomberg.com

Copper may fall next week on speculation that demand will slow in China, the largest buyer of the metal, following a surge in imports in the first quarter.

Yahoo Asia:
copper rebounded on Friday, but analysts think the overall trend of rising copper stocks and lower demand over coming months could pressure prices down further.

Copper futures shed 2.3%
China Daily
Copper futures in Shanghai fell by [...] nearly 4 percent, by midday on Friday before closing [...] down 2.3 percent from the previous close, because of growing investors' concern about rising stocks of the industrial metal in China.

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Friday, May 11, 2007

Copper Heads for Largest Weekly Drop in 3 Months

Bloomberg.com

Copper headed for its largest weekly decline in three months in London on speculation that demand growth will slow in China, the world's biggest user. Nickel and zinc rose.

China's copper imports probably slowed in April, said analysts including Kevin Norrish at Barclays Capital.

``The Chinese market is suffering temporary indigestion after the amount of material delivered into Shanghai in the first quarter,'' Norrish said today by phone from London. ``Some people expected them to buy this week when they returned to the market after the holiday, but that hasn't happened.''

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Saturday, April 28, 2007

Gas leak kills four at China steel plant

Once again, chinese steel workers pay a heavy price.

China Economic Net (ce.cn)

The accident occurred at around 0:00 a.m. at Haicheng Iron and Steel Co. Ltd., a private company that produces 500,000 tons of raw iron a year, said an official with the safety inspection bureau in Anshan.

Five workers were on duty and were taking a nap in their office. "Four of them had died when rescuers arrived," he said on condition of anonymity. "The fifth one was out of danger after timely treatment."

The leak occurred on a gas pipe connected to the company's primary blast furnace

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